Technical Losses. Data Types: double. To conduct the correct three-phase power calculation to the problem given above: Identify the given parameters — active power = 5 kW, phase voltage = 400 V and line current = 8. The Smith Chart is simply a graphical calculator for computing impedance as a function of re ection coe cient z = f(ˆ) More importantly, many problems can be easily visualized with the Smith Chart This visualization leads to a insight about the behavior of transmission lines All the knowledge is coherently and compactly represented by the. This book chapter presents Smith chart instruments which are purely mechanical in operation, and are thus more analogous to the ordinary logarithmic-scaled slide rule. This is the second edition of Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart, written by Phillip H. It is only equal to double the characteristic impedance in certain cases. This is a calculator for designing a Dual Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. ϵr ϵ r = substrate dielectric. Calculate Efficiency Bandwidth Product (EBP. From short-lines into the long-line regime, the analysis shows behavior of the load voltage (VL) using lumped and distributed element calculations for a lossless transmission line (where R=G=0). Simply enter 3 parameters and it will instantly calculate a solution with an interactive graph – job done! This software is available free of charge and downloadable below. To conduct the correct three-phase power calculation to the problem given above: Identify the given parameters — active power = 5 kW, phase voltage = 400 V and line current = 8. Just enter the given values for trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and substrate dielectric. 1. 2- For a 50 ohm lossless transmission line terminated in a load impedance ZL=100 + j50 ohm, determine the fraction of the average incident power reflected by the load. 1 to 100 MHz or 1 to 1000 MHz. The coax is a good way to create a transmission line. Formula to find V term = V src x (Z 0 )/ (R src + Z 0) substitute the values in the above formula. 2 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR About the Transmission Line Calculator Transmission lines are used to guide waves of alternating current and voltage at radio frequencies and have been used for more than 150 years, starting with the first telegraph cables in the 1850s. The Line Parameter Calculator app provides a tool to compute the RLC line parameters of the Distributed Parameters Line and PI Section Line blocks and the frequency-dependent parameters of a Distributed Parameters Line (Frequency-Dependent) block. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. 2 Loss of CPW lines. These. Reflection coefficient. The simplified test bench setup shown in the above figure is used to measure the cross talk between two microstrip lines on a grounded substrate. Line Type: Belden 8215 (RG-6A) Belden 8237 (RG-8) Belden 9913 (RG-8) Belden 9258 (RG-8X) Belden 8213 (RG-11) Belden 8261 (RG-11A) Belden 8240 (RG-58) Belden. 1: 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. This can be done in two ways: using the form for an individual conductor type, or using the table for all the conductor types available. 1t + 2. Thickness: Thickness of the microstrip conductor. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough. Step by step calculation. Here is how we can calculate the propagation delay from the trace length and vice versa: Where: Vis the signal speed in the transmission line; In a vacuum or through the air, it equals 85 picoseconds/inch (ps/in). This calculator will provide the speed of the vehicle based on transmission gear ratio, engine RPM, tire height, and the ring gear and pinion gear ratio in. 725. I need your valuable prescription. 6 times Z 0 . This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. Pulse Forming Networks (PFNs) are used to generate output pulses which approximate a square wave shape. The same diagram and procedure can be used to terminate a drive and a load with different. Frequency. The diagram below shows how to implement a quarter-wave line for impedance matching between a transmission line and a real load impedance. Instead, the above calculator implements Wadell’s equations for stripline impedance, which can be found in his textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Z0 = V~+ 0 I~+ 0 = R + jωL γ Z0 = −V~− 0 I~− 0 = R + jωL γ (8) (9) (8) Z 0. 024 x dT0. 0 Conductor Type This section is used to add, remove, rename, and edit the information related to the conductor types. The only adjustable parameter is R90, or the radius of the 90 segments. It is important to determine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the impedance. The Sierra Circuits Impedance Calculator uses the 2D numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. Where, P A = Power output of Port 2. Propagation delay is how long it takes a signal to travel over a network from its sender to its receiver. Sumit. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. Click the "Calculate" button to show the calculated transmission line parameters. First described by Paul Voigt in 1930, TQWT/QWT uses like a transmission line design pipe lenght of 1/4 wavelenght of driver's resonance frequency. A transmission line speaker calculator is a tool, often digital, which assists in determining the ideal length of a speaker's transmission line. It is well worth a few minutes of your time to see what they have. Adding a Transmission Line. MLTL Type. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. The physical configuration and properties of all the components determines the characteristic impedance, distortion, transmission speed, and loss. James F. shunt capacitance, and shunt conductance. Set Parameters as Desired. In the previous chapter, we introduced the transmission line and the transmission-line equations. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. Formula to find β = 2π/λ. Characteristic impedance is purely a function of the capacitance and. The Smith chart, initially conceived in 1939 for transmission-line analysis, is a transformation of all impedances in the right-half Argand plane (RHP) into a unit circle (Smith, 1939). The program is primarily designed for Unix or Unix-like systems, although it has been compiled on a Windows system. The trace width can then be calculated by re-arranging this formula to determine the cross-sectional area that. Transmission-Line Calculator. We also investigate transmission-line electric and. Enclosure Design Procedure. Since the argument of the complex exponential factors is 2βl, the frequency. The phase currents were measured in the substation at one end of the line, taking particular care to measure the zero-sequence. To use this online calculator for Sag of Transmission Line, enter Weight of Conductor (Wc), Span Length (L) & Working Tension (T) and hit the calculate button. g. VSWR calculator is an online calculator is used to convert the values between the VSWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss. Use the Speaker Box Designer to determine the optimal volume for your enclosure. A commonly-encountered form of parallel wire transmission line is 300 Ω 300 Ω twin-lead. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. Inductance Calculator. Characteristic Impedance Ω. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. 5. Antenova's all-new GCPW transmission line calculator has been engineered to give you quick, easy and flexible options when it comes to selecting the optimum dimensions of your transmission lines. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. The surface finish is neglected. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of coplanar waveguide with ground or microstrip lines with signal side ground plane can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. R. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. The application was somewhat inspired by transcalc by Claudio Girardi and Gopal Narayanan. These are precisely the characteristics of a pair of lines to be designated as a differential pair. The construction of these transmission lines requires large amounts of. The NIST site offers a variety of free software, including various on-wafer calibration software (MultCal, for TRL and LRM), transmission line calculators, uncertainty calculators etc. Home. -Gener. The Transmission Line Calculator is a powerful tool for understanding and analyzing transmission line properties, including characteristic impedance, resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance per unit length. The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. Circuit models can be used to approximate coupling. The Antenna Magus Toolbox contains a collection of useful tools and utilities for Antenna designers to simplify everyday antenna tasks. How do you calculate line loss in transmission? Line loss in transmission lines (e. Depending on circuit sensitivity, the distributed. Users need only specify the material. At any frequency, the axial propagation factor β and the characteristic impedance Z c of an equivalent transmission line can be determined. Highly recommended. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. This calculator assumes the distance between the two reference planes to be an equal distance. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. In high speed data communication chip design, the wires are often treated as transmission lines. A Clemson ECE635 Project by Adam Schreiber and Jason Byers. 4. To use the calculator, place values in either the velocity of propagation field or the dielectric constant field. Figure 5-6 - Transmission line with remote line end SC Figure 5-7 - Distance relay overreach due to sub-synchronous transient signals Figure 5-8 - Zone 1 distance relay on SC line (solid) and adjacent line (dotted) Figure 5-9 Main and back-up proctection schemes for line end and mid-line SC Source:Step by step calculation. Nist, KQ6QV has free software for calculating arbitrary transmission line impedance, as well. The cross-sections of these lines are shown in Figure 1. D D = coaxial cable outer diameter. λ is the wavelength of the signal in free space. 11) becomes Z(z) = Z 0 1 + Le2j z. The formulas used in the calculator create a design that suggests the most maximally flat response in an anechoic environment based on the number of drivers, the thiele small parameters and the allotted dimensions specified in the user’s input fields. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with. Wire Over Plane. These are often known as the Z, Y and YZ Smith. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. Re 3TM Concentric Neutral Calculator. Modelling practical transmission lines. Height: Height of the substrate. Transmission Lines calculators give you a list of online Transmission Lines calculators. Pulse Forming Network Equations and Calculator. The microstrip transmission line is lighter and more compact than traditional waveguide technology. Put actual line length in the ERP Calc. If the reflection coefficient (Γ) is known, then the VSWR. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. 6 on a resistance circle means a resistance of 1. A transmission line should have a uniform characteristic impedance to avoid signal reflections. The edge couple differential microstrip transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. IEE Proc. The tool uses the power_lineparam function to compute the line parameters based on the geometry of. A signal’s wavelength is the physical distance it will propagate in the timespan of one period. New parameters have been added and accuracy has been improved. Edit By Form Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. This video demonstrates the use of the transmission line calculator. Microstrip Characteristic Impedance The input impedance, Zin, of the shorted microstrip line is shown in Figure 3. Main Menu. One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable. When you make a ninety degree bend in a transmission line you add a small amount of capacitance. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables. I have a doubt about line loss per km at both 33&220kv line and how to calculate them. As a result, it doesn’t cost too much. 1. It has been zipped for storage and downloading. To use this calculator, simply input your microstrip geometry and Dk value, and the tool will return the differential impedance value for a pair of microstrip traces. Overview. Online calculators will generally use Wadell's equations to determine the transmission line impedance numerically. The propagation of electrical signals through PCB traces is not instantaneous; it is subject to a delay. Transmission Ratio RPM Calculator. Enter the relative permitivity, width of the trace, the ground plane spacing, and the substrate thickness to calculate the characteristic impedance. 2. Transmission line v1 1 0 ac 1 sin rsource 1 2 75 t1 2 0 3 0 z0=75 td=1u rload 3 0 999meg . Lcoax ≈ μ0μrL 2π ln( D d) L c o a x ≈ μ 0 μ r L 2 π l n ( D d) Where: Lcoax L c o a x = inductance of the coaxial cable in henries (H) μ0 μ 0 = permeability of free space = 4π×10 −7. In electrical engineering, it is a good practice to. We will assume here that both of the lines of the pair are identical and uniform. Also, what is the magnitude of the average reflected power if |Vo|=1? 3- Make sure you understand the slotted line problem. Schematic of a wave moving rightward down a lossless two-wire transmission line. Choose the connection type. Capacitance per unit length of the lumped transmission. Kenneth L. Transcalc is built using the GIMP toolkit (GTK+) for its GUI interface. Time/current gradings are involved in three basic methods discussed below for radial or loop circuits where there are several line sections in series. Transmission line data is entirely stored in the database table, and adding new transmission lines is just a matter of inserting rows in the database table. The below step by step solved example problem may helpful for users to understand how the input values are being used in such calculations to find the lossless transmission line surge or characteristic impedance Z 0. Where I is maximum current in Amps, k is a constant, dT is temperature rise above ambient in °C, & A is cross sectional area of trace mils². Transfer Capability Enhancement of Transmission Line Using Static VAR Compenstator. Height: Height of the substrate. 44 x A0. THESE FORMULAS ARE APPROXIMATIONS! They should not be used when a high degree of accuracy is required. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR) The voltage standing wave ratio is the magnitude of a standing wave caused by a mismatch impedance. Download Transmission Line Calculator for free. A pair of lines can be modeled as follows: Differential pair line. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. The edge couple differential microstrip transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. Twisted pairs are used with balanced signals. 4. The effect of a short discontinuity in transmission line characteristic impedance. 13) indicates that there is a unique map between the normalized impedance Z(z)=ZHere's a quick line loss calculator to use Note that the simple program used for this web page gives a very close approximation for additional losses due to SWR. 1. 946 for silver, or 1. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. In this measurement, a voltage source is used to excite Port 1 and the received signal at. Wide Trace Over Plane. Z PU GIVEN = Given Per Unit Impedance. –Smith Chart and Tx-Line • A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance Z 0 = 100 and length ℓ= 0. Microstrip Line Calculator Analyze or synthesize a microstrip line based on substrate parameters and frequency. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. Much of the diameter is taken up by the surround and mounting flange. The models implemented are frequency-dependent, so they disagree with simpler models at high enough frequencies. Visit page. Define an ideal, non-radiating transmission line. The spacing between the two conductors is maintained to avoid RF radiation. Bailey and A. Written in Visual C++. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. , 142 (September 1995) 481-486. It is one of the most popular transmission lines used in the VHF frequency range. Transcalc is built using the GIMP toolkit (GTK+) for its GUI interface. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . Useful converters and calculators. Critical length is longer when the impedance deviation is larger. This page is published by Mike Banz, AA3RL as a service to the Amateur Radio community. Integrated Transmission Line Impedance Calculators. This is a required field. The line that's smoother is the combination of the cone and the transmission line. Transparent arm shown in Fig. 2 (t / h) 2 for W/h > 1. 60 Hz. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. These radio frequency calculators help with unit conversion, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculators. Users need only specify the material. Wire Over Plane. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Transmission Line parameter calculator tool. Example Formula. Also, what is the magnitude of the average reflected power if |Vo|=1? 3- Make sure you understand the slotted line problem. Design a transmission line segment that matches 300 Ω to 50 Ω at 10 GHz using a quarter-wave match. 2: A broadband RF balun as coupled lines wound around a ferrite core: (a) physical realization (the wires 1– 2 and 3– 4 form a single transmission line); (b) equivalent circuit using a wire-wound transformer (the number of primary and secondary windings are equal); and (c) packaged as a module (Model TM1-9 with a. It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and engineering analysis. This tool is javascript so it works on Windows, Mac, IOS, Android. Frequency span ±. Of course this is not unique to transmission lines; the dip is also an issue for tapped horns and back loaded horns. 4 • Load impedance Z L = 300 + j180 • Determine L – the VSWR S – Z in at z = ℓ – the locations of a voltage maximum |V| max and a voltage minimum |V| min on the line Z s V s Z L 0, z' ℓ 0 Z Z in (z =ℓ) LHere's a quick line loss calculator to use Note that the simple program used for this web page gives a very close approximation for additional losses due to SWR. The calculator provides the minimum approach distance, in feet or meters (depending on your selection), for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase exposures. 5 – 3. And in the case of ladder line, SWR on the line doesn’t hurt a thing. Solved Example. Where: Z0 Z 0 = characteristic impedance of the asymmetric stripline in ohms (Ω). Here, the output of the transmission line is terminated in a capacitor of value C. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. The width of the conducting layer is important to calculate the radiation intensity since it directly affects. Two properties characterize the PCB dielectric materials:Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. +62 31 8914627 / Jawa Timur, Indonesia. freq = linspace (1e9,4e9,51); sparam = sparameters. The phase is mostly + 90 ∘ or − 90 ∘, indicating that Zin is mostly reactive. 5 16-19 53 - 62. E9 G08. some wire and b. 1 3. The generalized lumped-element model of a transmission line can be used to calculate characteristic impedance, phase velocity, and both parts of the propagation constant (phase and attenuation). h is the height of the microstrip line above the ground plane. By using this tool, you can also calculate the values of various other vital transmission line properties in real-time. A Simpler Approximation At the lowest frequencies, there is another ideal electrical circuit element that can be used to approximate the impedance of a real, physical transmission line. 2. In this case, (12. H 1 H 1 = subtrate height 1. . He states in part, "The calculator is, fundamentally, a special kind of impedance coordinate system, mechanically arranged with respect to a set of. We define the characteristic impedance of a transmission line as the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the forward wave as shown in Equation 6, or the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the reflected wave as shown in Equation 7 . When the transmission line is terminated in a resistance=R, the injected step input on reaching the end of the transmission line is met by a constant impedance=resistance R at that instant. Satellite Look Angle Calculator. Find the transmission or propagation parameter of the transmission line or wave guide whose wavelenggh λ = 15 x 10 3. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. A graphical explanation of energy flow in a practical transmission line. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Return Loss. ATLC (Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator) based on finite difference is used to find the characteristic impedance of a pair of parallel square conductors in air. System. The coaxial cable, along with the balanced two-wire, is the most common type of transmission line used in RF communications. In other words, this is the impedance the signal actually experiences as it travels on an individual line. You can unsubscribe at any time. Description. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. or any device with a web browser. Excel 7. Refer Microstrip line basics >> and Microstrip line types >>. Per-unit-length parameters are "per meter" if the inner conductor units are cm or mm. Equation Source: Ulaby "Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics". 45 for gold. This transmission line calculator. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. 4. The normalized input impedance for that transmission line is read from the Smith Chart to be 1 - j0. Recently I needed to approximate a cable with the following insertion loss for a 25 cm long strip: The approximation was required for an IBIS. Wr is a correction factor defined as Wr = W + 1. Simpler calculators will use the less-accurate IPC-2141 equations. The transmission line calculator allows the ability to analyze and synthesize transmission line physical and electrical characteristics. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. The propagation delay is the time a signal takes to propagate over a unit length of the transmission line. 159 m$$ Thanks and sorry for my lack of English in Electrical Engineering subject. The line that's smoother is the combination of the cone and the transmission line. This will also provide the time delay the cable provides for a signal and also the capacitance and inductance per. This calculator is designed to help calculate the value of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used in T-pad attenuator. This tool calculates the matching network necessary to terminate a line of the specified characteristic impedence (Z o) in a specific complex load impedence (R L + jX L) at a specified frequency. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. In baseband chip design, the wires are often - treated as lumped parasitic loads. Even and Odd Mode Impedance. for a range of transmission lines. Calculate the Transmission Line impedance Z0 for a large variety of mechanical structures. The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase. Transmission line loss calculator. This represents the length of the transmission line, where is the wavelength in the transmission line. g. AWR has one of the nicer free transmission line loss calculator apps I have seen in a long time. The two-wire transmission lines are very simple, low cost and easy to maintain over short distances and these lines are used up to 100 MHz The another name of an open-wire transmission line is a parallel wire transmission line. In the network schematic view, connect the transmission line to a port, other transmission lines or general networks. atlc. The Sierra Circuits Impedance Calculator uses the 2D numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for PCB transmission lines. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident. Home; Site MapInductance of Symmetrical Three Phase Transmission Line Calculator; Line of Sight Transmission Calculator; Ruling Span of transmission line Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at different heights Calculator; Sag of Transmission Line with supports at same height Calculator; Tension in Transmission line. The concept is illustrated in Figure 3. 7. Transmission Line (Bailey) This type of loudspeaker enclosure was proposed in October 1965 by Dr A. The PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TransLineCalc) is a tool designed to compute characteristic line parameters given the type of conductor and the tower configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. It was invented because of the undesirable effects on coaxial cable when signals in the microwave range propagate through it. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. Parallel plate. The edge couple differential symmetric stripline transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. In what does this inductance calculator differ from the rest? Dr. wavelenggh λ = 15 x 10 3. Introduction to SpicyTL. The TEM mode exists down to DC. I m working as a electrical engineer in transmission line field about 33kv and 220 kv. These parameters include: Characteristic impedance (Z 0): The online calculator can compute the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, which is the ratio of voltage to current in a. This is a special scenario. An example follows. Using the Microwaves101 microstrip calculator, we see that 50 ohms on 10 mil alumina corresponds to 9. Transmission Line Equations R G L C 0 0 0 0 resistance per unit length(Ohm/ cm) conductance per unit length (mOhm/ cm) inductance per unit length (H/ cm) capacitance per unit length (F/ cm) dV dz R jwL I dI dz G jwC V ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 0 KVL : KCL : Solve 2nd order D. This is a calculator for designing a Dual Fold On-Axis Transmission Line Enclosure. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. Transmission lines take on many forms in order to accommodate particular applications. The equations that are used to calculate stripline impedance are simple, but there is a large number of terms, which includes a. 946 for silver, or 1. Parallel wire. The first section, Section 3. Inductance per unit length of the lumped transmission line, specified as a positive scalar in henries per meter. The. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. The pages refer to a table of transmission line parameters in mysql. 082 Ω. Imperial. Overview. AWR has one of the nicer free transmission line loss calculator apps I have seen in a long time. What's happening is that the output from the transmission line 'fills in' the dips. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. The tool provides two networks that will have the desired impedence at that frequency. This tool calculates the impedance, propagation delay, inductance and capacitance of a twisted pair transmission line with two conductors. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. Volume Calculator For Sphere Loudspeaker Casing. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. 19. The Smith Chart achieves this by superimposing a grid on S11 that maps load impedance. Transmission Lines In an AC power system, a TL will operate at some frequency f; e. 1 shows the tapered transmission line matching section, where Z 1 and Z 2 are the two impedances to match. This is particularly noticeable at 110hz. QucsTranscalc is the transmission line tool used by Qucs. International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering. The principal of deriving the Characteristic Impedance from an OPEN and SHORT measurement is based on Transmission Lines and Networks by Walter C. The calculator uses well known closed form equations to determine impedance and.